Baillairge, Charles Philippe Ferdinand

BAILLAIRGE, Charles Philippe Ferdinand (1826-1906)
(biography in preparation)

A comprehensive illustrated survey and list of works designed by Charles Baillairge was complied by Christian Cameron and published in 1989 in her book entitled Charles Baillairge - Architect & Engineer. A detailed list of works executed by Baillairge in Quebec City can be found in A.J.H. Richardson, Quebec City: Architects, Artisans and Builders, 1984, 72-7. The Archives of City of Quebec (AVQ) holds a substantial number of original architectural drawings prepared by Baillairge during his career.

(works in Quebec City unless noted)

ECCLESIASTICAL

EGLISE ST. ROCH, St. Joseph Street, addition of two steeples to the church designed by Thomas Baillairge in 1841 (C. Cameron, 9, illus.)
EGLISE ST. JEAN BAPTISTE, St. Jean Street, 1847; interior decorations, 1854; addition of two bell towers, 1857; presbytery, 1858 (A.J.H. Richardson, 74-6; L. Noppen et al, Quebec-trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 181-3, illus.; R. Caron, Un couvent du XIX Siecle, 1980, 29-30; C. Cameron, 19-23, 73, illus.)
BEAUPORT, QUE., Roman Catholic Church and sacristy, 1849; burned January 1890 (Journal de Quebec [Quebec City], 31 July 1849, 2, t.c.; Quebec Mercury, 4 Sept. 1849, 2, descrip.; Courrier du Canada [Quebec City], 25 June 1862, 2, descrip.; A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 23-5, illus.; Marc Grignon, " Charles Baillairge's Interpretation of the Gothic Revival and the Cathedral of Beauport, Quebec" in Journal of the Society for the Study of Architecture in Canada, xliii, No. 1, July 2018, 33-45, illus. & descrip.)
ST. ELZEAR, QUE., Roman Catholic Church, 1852 (C. Cameron, 153)
L'ISLE VERTE, QUE., Roman Catholic Church, 1853-57 (C. Cameron, 69)
STE-MARIE, QUE., Eglise Ste. Marie, 1854 (C.A.B., iii, July 1890, plate illus.; A.J.H. Richardson, 75; R. Caron, Un couvent du XIX Siecle, 1980, 123-4, illus.; C. Cameron, plates 7 & 8, 69-72, illus.)
ST. ROMUALD, QUE., Roman Catholic Church, 1854-56 (C. Cameron, 69)
RIVIERE-DU-LOUP, QUE., Eglise St. Patrice, 1855-57; burned 1883, rebuilt (C. Cameron, 69, illus.; R. Caron, Un couvent du XIX Siecle, 1980, 121-2, illus.)
NOTRE DAME ROMAN CATHOLIC BASILICA, Market Square, cast iron fence and gates, 1857 (C. Cameron, 72-3, plate 5)
STE. MARGUERITE, QUE., Roman Catholic Church, 1861 (dwgs. at the Canadian Centre for Architecture, DR 1979 017-018; C. Cameron, 69)
(with Joseph F. Peachy) ST. LAURENT, QUE., interiors for the Roman Catholic Church, Ile d'Orleans, 1863 (C. Cameron, 108, illus.)
ST. MICHEL, QUE., a private chapel at the summer residence of the architect; now relocated at La Guadeloupe, Frontenac Co., 1886 (C. Cameron, 127, plates 3 & 4)

INSTITUTIONAL

FIRE STATION, St. Roch Suburb, 1847 (A.J.H. Richardson, 74)
COUVENT DE SOEURS DE LA CHARITE, d'Aiguillon Street at St. Olivier Street, 1850; burned 1854; rebuilt 1856; addition of left wing, 1876 (R. Caron, Un couvent du XIX Siecle, 1980, 39-48; 62-70, illus.; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 89, 236, 238, illus.; C. Cameron, 25-8, illus.)
QUEBEC MUSIC HALL, St. Louis Street, 1851-52; burned 1900 (Le Canadien [Quebec City], 12 May 1851, 2, t.c.; 10 Jan. 1853, 3, descrip.; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d' architecture, 1979, 90, 375, illus.; L. Maitland, Neoclassical Architecture in Canada, 1984, 67, illus.; C. Cameron, 40-5, illus.)
URSULINE CONVENT, de Parloir Street, major addition of the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce Wing, 1853 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 245, illus.)
MARINE HOSPITAL, stone wall and cast iron railing around the site, 1853;; new wing, 1854 (C.A.B., vii, Jan. 1894, 16; C. Cameron, 77-8, illus.)
LAVAL UNIVERSITY, University Street, central pavillion, 1854-56 (Quebec Mercury, 1 July 1856, 2, descrip.; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 90, 354, illus.; C. Cameron & J. Wright, Second Empire Style in Canadian Architecture, 1980, 90-1, illus.; C. Cameron, 59-64, illus.)
MAISON DE BON PASTEUR, de Lachevrotière Street, 1854-56; chapel, 1866; Maison Ste. Madelaine, 1875-76 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 1989-9, illus.; A.J.H. Richardson, 76, 125, illus.; C. Cameron, plate 6, 110-11, illus.)
LAVAL NORMAL SCHOOL, Dauphine Street, 1856 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
MONUMENT AUX BRAVES, Ste. Foy Road, 1855 (C.A.B., xii, June 1899, 128, descrip.; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d' architecture, 1979, 422, illus.; C. Cameron, 64-6, illus.)
HOSPICE DES SOEURS GRISES, St. Olivier Street, 1856 (Le Journal de Quebec, 13 Sept. 1856, 2, descrip.; R. Caron, Un Couvent du XIX Siecle, 1980, 143-7)
JACQUES CARTIER MARKET, Place Jacques Cartier, 1857; demol. after 1925 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 317, illus.)
ST. CHARLES CEMETERY, St. Vallier Street, monument with fence and gate for William Venner, 1858 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76, 128, illus.; C. Cameron, plate 2, 109, illus.)
DISTRICT GAOL, Grande Allee, 1861, completed 1867 (Globe [Toronto], 17 Jan. 1861, 3, descrip.; Morning Chronicle [Quebec City], 13 June 1862, 2, descrip.; Canada, Sessional Papers, 1867, Appendix 8, 273; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 90, 339, illus.; C. Cameron, 87-93, illus.)
NOTRE-DAME-DE-BELMONT CEMETERY, near Chapdelaine Street, chapel and keeper's house, 1858 (A.J.H. Richardson, 1984, 76)
QUEBEC BATH HOUSE, Palace Street, 1863 (C. Cameron, 154)
(with Joseph F. Peachy) ECOLE ST. JEAN BAPTISTE, St. Jean Street at Deligny Street, 1863 (C. Cameron, 154)
(with Fuller & Jones and Stent & Laver) OTTAWA, ONT., completion of the Parliament Building and the Departmental Buildings, 1863-65 (C. Cameron, 94-104, illus.)
AYLMER, QUE., Notre Dame Convent, 1864; demol. 1897 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
ST. JOHN GATE, 1866-67 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76; C. Cameron, 111-12, illus.)
BERTHELOT MARKET HALL & WEIGH HOUSE, 1866-67 (C. Cameron, 154)
JACQUES CARTIER MARKET HALL, 1866-67 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 1, Ste. Ursule Street, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 2, St. Patrice Street, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 3, Dorchester Street, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 4, St. Paul Street, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 5, Sault au Matelot, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
FIRE STATION NO. 6, Champlain Street, 1867 (C. Cameron, 154)
CITY HALL, St. Louis Street, addition, 1871 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
MONTCALM MARKET HALL, St. Jean Street at des Glacis Street, 1875 (C. Cameron, 155)
KENT GATE, Dauphine Street, 1878 (dwgs. at NAC, Picture Collection C 118639, C118640, C118643)
ST. LOUIS GATE, St. Louis Street, 1878 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 146-7, illus.; dwgs. at NAC, Picture Collection, C118641, C118642, C118647)
DUFFERIN TERRACE, wooden terrace, stairs and gazebos, adjacent to the Chateau Frontenac Hotel, 1878-79; damaged by fire 1914; rebuilt (C.A.B., xiii, Feb. 1900, 40, descrip. & illus.; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 83, 419-21, illus.; C. Cameron, 115-19, illus.)
CHAMPLAIN MARKET HALL, St. Peter Street, 1883 (C. Cameron, 155)
JACQUES CARTIER HALL, Crown Street at St. Joseph Street, 1884 (C. Cameron, 155)
FINLAY MARKET HALL, Dalhousie Street, 1886 (C. Cameron, 155)
PLACE d'ARMES, festival tower, 1886 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 411, illus.; C. Cameron, 124-5, illus.)
POLICE STATION NO. 3, St. Francois Street, 1889 (ACQ, J. Allaire, notaire, 8 July 1889, no. 4258)
FIRE STATION NO., 7, Boisseau Street, 1889 (C. Cameron, 155)
ST. PIERRE MARKET HALL, St. Vallier Street at Albert Street, 1889; Weigh House, 1890 (C. Cameron, 155)
FIRE STATION NO. 8, St. Sauveur Street, 1890 (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 334, illus.)
POLICE STATION NO. 7, St. Real Street, 1894 (C. Cameron, 156)
WINTER CARNIVAL, an ice tower, 1895; ice ziggurat, 1896 (F. Anderes & A. Agranoff, Ice Palaces, 1983, 71-2, illus.)
SPIRAL SLIDE, 1896 (Canadian Engineer, iv, May 1896, 15, illus.; C. Cameron, 128, illus.)
VICTORIA PARK, adjacent to Dorchester Street, layout of the park with greenhouse, 1896-97 (Quebec City Archives, b.p 7259, 3 Sept. 1896; L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d'architecture, 1979, 409, illus.)

RESIDENTIAL

SILLERY, QUE., 'Ravenswood', a villa for William Herring, Cap Rouge Road, 1848; demol. ( J. Wright, Architecture of the Picturesque in Canada, 1984, 126, illus.; C. Cameron, 36-8, illus.)
SILLERY, QUE., 'Clermont', a villa for Rene E. Caron, 1848-49 (F. Gagnon-Pratte, Les Villas, 1980, 69-71, illus.; C. Cameron, 36-8, illus.)
ST. LOUIS STREET, for J.B. Trudelle, 1848 (Le Canadien [Quebec City], 24 March 1848, 3, t.c.; C. Cameron, 33, illus.)
unidentified street, cottage for Charles L. Gethings, 1849 (F. Gagnon-Pratte, Les Villas, 1980, 104-05, illus.)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Abraham Hamel, 1848 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
CRAIG STREET, for Patrick Lawlor, 1848 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
LAPORTE STREET, for Vital Têtu, Etienne Parent and F.X. Methot, 1849 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75, 126, illus.; C. Cameron, 34, illus.)
ST. VALLIER STREET, for Miss Remi P. Roy, 1849 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
COUILLARD STREET, for Benjamin Corriveau, 1849 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 35, illus.)
STE. ANGELE STREET, for Joseph Legare, 1851 (C. Cameron, 153)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Issac Dorion, 1852 (C. Cameron, 48, illus.)
STE. ANNE STREET, Alfred Jackson, 1852 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
ST. ROCH-DES-AULNAIES, QUE., a manor house for Amable Dionne, 1852-53 (J. Wright, Architecture of the Picturesque in Canada, 1984, 131, illus.; L. Maitland, Neoclassical Architecture in Canada, 1984, 85, illus.; C. Cameron, plate 1, 55-8, illus.)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Cirice Tetu, 1852-53 (L. Maitland, Neoclassical Architecture in Canada, 1984, 88, illus.; C. Cameron, 49-53, illus.)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Louis Bilodeau, 1853 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 49, illus.)
STE. FOY ROAD, for Eugene Chinic, 1853-54 (F. Gagnon-Pratte, Les Villas, 1980, 78, 223, illus.; C. Cameron, 57, illus.)
STE. URSULE STREET, for Charles Drolet, 1853 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
ST. VALLIER STREET, at de la Couronne Street, rebuilding of house for William Johnston, 1856 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
HEBERT STREET, at Laval Street, two houses for Dr. Joseph Morrin, 1856 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
DE LA MONTAGNE ROAD, for Joseph B. Talbot, 1856 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
d'AUTEUIL STREET, pair of houses for Hon. Augustin N. Morin and Joseph Hamel, 1856 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76; C. Cameron, 54, illus.)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Francois De Foy, 1856 (C. Cameron, 54, 56, illus.)
STE. GENEVIEVE AVENUE, for Joseph W. Leaycraft, 1857 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76; C. Cameron, 52, 54, illus.)
STE. FOY ROAD, for Zephirin Chartre, 1857 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
STE. FOY ROAD, for Charles Moisan, 1857 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
RAMPART STREET, two houses for Alexander Lemoine, 1857-58 (C. Cameron, 55, illus.)
GRANDE ALLEE, at de Salaberry Street, pair of houses for Frederick W. Blaiklock, 1862 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76; D. Blanchet, Decouvir la Grande Allee, 1984, 31-2, 145, illus.; C. Cameron, 109, illus.)
LEVIS, QUE., country house for Thomas Whitty, 1862 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
HAMEL STREET, for Ferdinand E. Hamel, 1862 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
ST. CYRILLE BOULEVARD, 'Elm Grove', a villa for Joseph K. Boswell, designed in 1856; built 1863 (F. Gagnon-Pratte, Les Villas, 1980, 132-3, 136-7, 235-8, illus.; A.J.H. Richardson, 76; C. Cameron, 109, illus.)
(with J.F. Peachy) STE. FOY ROAD, for William Perry, 1863 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
ST. CROIX STREET, for John Ryan, 1868 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)

COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL

ST. JEAN STREET, block for Mrs. Jacques Drolet, 1847 (A.J.H. Richardson, 74-5; C. Cameron, 30, illus.)
COTE DE LA MONTAGNE, storehouse for Mrs. Cécile Brunet, 1848 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
ST. LOUIS STREET, block for Jean B. Trudel, 1848 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
ST. PIERRE STREET, block for Mrs. J. Brian Woolsey, 1849 (Journal de Quebec [Quebec City], 27 Sept. 1849, 2, t.c.)
DE LA FABRIQUE STREET, store for the De Blois heirs occupied by Henry Benjamin Ltd., 1850 (C. Cameron, 30-31, illus.)
COLLINS STREET, row of stores for the Hotel Dieu, 1850 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 34, illus.)
BILODEAU BLOCK, de la Fabrique Street, for Louis Bilodeau, 1850 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75, 123, illus.; C. Cameron, 32-3, illus.)
SOUS-LE-FORT STREET, block for Abraham and Joseph Hamel, 1850 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 30, illus.)
ST. JEAN STREET, at Ste. Angele Street, block for Pierre Baillargeon, 1850 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 30, illus.)
unnamed street, store for Francois De Foy, 1850-51 (C. Cameron, 28)
L. & C. TETU CO., St. Pierre Street, warehouse, 1853 (A.J.H. Richardson, 75; C. Cameron, 46-8. illus.)
A. MERRILL & CO., St. John Street, new facade for commercial block, 1854 (C. Cameron, 66-8, illus.)
ST. PIERRE STREET, store for Hugh Murray and Louis Bilodeau, 1854 (L. Noppen & M. Grignon, l'art de l'architecte, 1983, 240-1, illus.; A.J.H. Richardson, 75)
CAISSE d'ECONOMIE NOTRE-DAME-DE QUEBEC, St. Jean Street, 1857 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76; C. Cameron, 66, 68, illus.)
DESBARATS PRINTING CO., Ste. Anne Street, office and warehouse, 1858; altered (L. Noppen et al, Quebec - trois siecles d' architecture, 1979, 90, 392, illus. & descrip.; C. Cameron, 67-8, illus.)
CAP ROUGE, QUE., pottery factory for Henry Howison, John Pye and Zepherin Charte, 1860 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
ST. PAUL STREET, block for Georges H. Simard, 1860 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
(with J.F. Peachy) COTE DU PALAIS, three buildings for Leandre Frechette, 1863 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)
(with J.F. Peachy) COTE DE LA MONTAGNE, at Notre Dame Street, shop for P.D. Moffat and Pierre Chabot, 1864 (A.J.H. Richardson, 76)

COMPETITIONS

QUEBEC CITY HALL, 1850. Baillairge was one of several Quebec City architects who submitted plans to convert an existing house into a City Hall. His design in a modified Greek Revival style was not premiated and Browne & Lecourt were awarded First Premium. The drawings for Baillairge's scheme survive (City of Quebec Archives, Baillairge Coll.; C. Cameron, 39-40, illus.)
QUEBEC DISTRICT JAIL, 1856. This competition, staged by the federal Department of Public Works, was called in the spring of 1856. Baillairge prepared a design but was unable to complete his drawings in time to meet the deadline and did not submit his scheme. It took nearly four years before the Department finally declared Robert Messer as winner (C. Cameron, 87)
QUEBEC CUSTOM HOUSE, 1856. Fourteen architects from Canada and the United States prepared designs for this landmark. Baillairge submitted a Greek Revival proposal but was angered to learn that he had placed a distant fifth in the competition. William Thomas of Toronto was given First Prize. Baillairge's drawings still survive (City of Quebec Archives, Baillairge Coll.; C. Cameron, 78-81, illus.)
OTTAWA, ONT., Parliament Building, 1859. Baillairge had prepared a bleak Neoclassical scheme for this important project even before the competition was formally called in May of 1859 and submitted this design (in the 'Classic' style) along with another scheme (described as being in the 'Italian' style). Neither scheme was premiated, and Fuller & Jones were selected as winners. Drawings for his 'classic' scheme can be found in the Baillairge Collection (City of Quebec Archives; C. Cameron, 83-6, illus.; C. Young, The Glory of Ottawa: Canada's First Parliament Buildings, 1995, 58-60, 117, illus.)
LONDON, ENGLAND, the London Tower, 1889. Baillairge was one of sixty-eight architects who submitted designs for this structure intended to rival the Eiffel Tower in Paris. His proposal for a stepped tower nearly 1,600 feet in height was awarded Fifth Place. The winning scheme, by A.D. Stewart with MacLaren and Dunn of London, was never built (Architectural Review [London], lxxxviii, Nov. 1940, 141-44, illus.; C. Cameron, 125-7, illus.)